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The rapid growth of space-generated data is creating significant challenges in data management, bandwidth limitations, and real-time decision-making. Space edge computing offers a transformative solution by enabling local data processing on satellites, reducing latency, and enhancing autonomy in space missions. As the number of companies developing space edge technologies continues to rise, the industry is poised for groundbreaking advancements that will reshape the way we manage space-based data.
The volume of data generated in space is growing rapidly. A single Earth observation satellite can capture over 100 terabytes of imagery each day, and as satellite constellations continue to expand, the amount of data produced is rising. Industry forecasts suggest that space data traffic could reach 566 exabytes over the next decade, with satellite communications accounting for the majority of this increase.
This rapid growth of data generated in space has created both opportunities and challenges. Traditional computing models, relying on transmitting raw data to Earth for analysis, are increasingly unsustainable due to bandwidth constraints, latency, and power requirements.
Edge computing, often referred to as ‘space edge’ when adapted to the unique demands of space, offers a transformative solution. By enabling satellites and spacecraft to process data locally, this technology is poised to revolutionise the way we manage, analyse, and extract value from space-based information, laying the groundwork for a new era of autonomous and efficient space operations. Processing data off the craft – but not back on Earth – strikes a crucial balance. While powerful onboard computers could enable local processing, they also add weight and increase launch costs for rovers and satellites. Instead, leveraging nearby space-based edge computing systems ensures efficient processing without burdening the spacecraft.
What is space edge?
Space edge refers to the application of edge computing principles in space environments, particularly for satellite systems and other space-based technologies. It combines the concepts of edge computing (processing data near the source of data generation) with the unique challenges and requirements of space missions. Here are the key aspects:
- Processing data near the source: Similar to edge computing on Earth, space edge computing processes data locally at the point of collection, such as on satellites or spacecraft, rather than sending all data back to Earth for analysis. This helps reduce latency and bandwidth demands, making it crucial for real-time or near-real-time decision-making in space missions.
- Low latency and autonomy: Space missions, particularly those in deep space, require systems that can function independently due to communication delays. Edge computing enables the autonomy necessary for real-time decision-making, such as adjusting spacecraft trajectories or responding to unexpected events.
- Efficient data management: Space missions generate large volumes of data. Space edge computing allows for the filtering, processing, and reduction of data in space, which can lower the volume of data transmitted to Earth, reducing transmission costs and making data more manageable.
- Resilience in harsh environments: Space edge computing systems are designed to withstand harsh space conditions, including radiation and extreme temperatures. They must also be highly reliable and efficient, as repair or maintenance is typically not feasible once a mission is in progress.
What are the key use cases for space edge?
The adoption of space edge computing is unlocking new possibilities across a wide range of applications, including:
- Earth observation: Satellites equipped with edge computing capabilities can process high-resolution imagery and detect patterns like deforestation, flooding, or urban expansion in real time. This enables timely decision-making for disaster management and environmental monitoring.
- Scientific research: Instruments aboard spacecraft or the International Space Station can analyse experimental data locally, reducing the time needed to produce results and allowing researchers to refine experiments during missions.
- Space IoT ecosystems: Constellations of interconnected satellites can collaboratively process and share data to optimise their operations, such as adjusting orbital positions or load balancing data traffic, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of satellite networks.
- Autonomous spacecraft operations: Space edge computing enables rovers, landers, and other spacecraft to process sensor data and make decisions independently, crucial for missions in distant locations where communication delays are significant.
By integrating edge computing with space technologies, organisations can overcome the inherent challenges of space exploration and unlock the full potential of data generated in orbit and beyond.
Space edge developments
There are several companies advancing space edge technologies, reflecting the growing demand for this technology. Two standout companies are Kioxia, and Almagest Space, each contributing uniquely to the development of space edge computing.
- Kioxia: As a leader in memory and storage solutions, Kioxia is at the forefront of developing spaceborne solid-state drives (SSDs). These SSDs are designed to operate in extreme conditions, enabling reliable, high-performance data storage and processing in space. Kioxia has been actively collaborating with Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) on the Spaceborne Computer-2 (SBC-2) program. This initiative aims to advance in-space edge computing and AI capabilities aboard the International Space Station (ISS). In January 2024, Kioxia provided over 130 terabytes of SSD storage for the SBC-2 system, enhancing the ISS’s data processing capabilities. Kioxia’s innovations are pivotal for managing the vast data generated by satellites and other space missions.
- Almagest Space: Focused on software innovation, Almagest Space develops platforms that optimise the capabilities of satellite constellations. Their solutions enable efficient collaboration between satellites, facilitating autonomous decision-making and enhancing overall mission performance. Almagest is a key player in building the infrastructure for advanced space IoT ecosystems. In 2024, Almagest Space has secured early-stage venture capital funding in its first round from OpAmp Capital Management. This increasing investment in space edge companies underscores the rising traction and importance of space edge computing in the industry
With increasing activity in space edge, the industry is set to accelerate breakthroughs that will redefine how we process and utilise data in space, paving the way for more efficient and autonomous space operations.
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